I Am A Traditional Law School Applicant Essay - 1466 Words

My Journey I am not a traditional law school applicant. I am a 33 year-old Hispanic mother of three boys, aged fourteen, eleven, and ten. I was born and raised in the San Fernando Valley. My mother immigrated to the United States from a war-torn El Salvador in 1979. A family friend smuggled her out of the country as they fled from continued atrocities committed by the Salvadorian military-led government. Having only completed the eight-grade and not speaking any English my mother cleaned houses and babysat for a living. By 1984, she was a divorced single mother to my then four-year old brother and my two-year old self. I have never met a stronger and more hardworking woman. Work has always been a part of our lives. For as long as I can remember, I accompanied my mother to work. By the age of nine, I could comfortably translate for my mother as I could clean a house and help care for a child. By fourteen, I was a weekend babysitter. I inherited a strong work ethic from my mother. As a child seei ng my mother’s struggle, it also engrained in me a deep sense of responsibility and a yearning to help. Growing up the best way I could help was by means of my brother. He was a special child, and though he was two years older, I took it upon myself to watch over him. Since my mother worked long hours, I would make sure that my brother ate, would be ready for school on time, and I helped him with homework. In school he was often bullied. I was always there to stand up for him and toShow MoreRelatedI Am A Traditional Law School Applicant1423 Words   |  6 PagesI am not a traditional law school applicant. I am a 33 year-old Hispanic mother of three boys, aged fourteen, eleven, and ten. I am a first generation born U.S. citizen as my mother immigrated to the United States from a war-torn El Salvador in 1979 when a family friend smuggled her out of the country. They fled from atrocities committed by the Salvadorian military-led government. My father emigrated from Argentina in the 1960’s evading social and political unrest and in search of a better economicRead MoreWhat Is Your Career Choice?1643 Words   |  7 PagesAttorney. Although, I am certainly considering working as a judge later on in my career. #2 - Question: Why have you chosen this particular area? #2 - Answer: I chose this career because it is my passion. I want to help people that cannot help themselves. I want to speak for the voiceless and do everything in my power to bring justice to victims and their loved ones. My personal life and future once laid in the hands of a prosecutor to get an indictment for a rape charge that I filed against myRead MoreResearch Paper On Managing Change1119 Words   |  5 Pages20, 2017 â€Æ' The business that I that we will be recruiting for is the company that I am currently working for and I will discuss the hiring process that will be utilized when looking for and recruiting potential applicants. When applying for this job at Southwest Airlines, all applicants will go through a multi-hiring process before being considered a qualified applicant for this company. For this business to be a success and grow, we will be looking for applicants that exude the abilities of a SouthwestRead MoreCase Study Complaints Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study Complaints Holly Crabtree July 8, 2013 LTC/328 Michele Lardiere Case Study Complaints Complaint 1 To Whom It May Concern, July 8, 2013 I am one of 90 police officers currently employed by Mason, Illinois. The new pay-for-performance plan instituted by the Mason police department is a form of discrimination against seasoned officers. The plan violates me and others 40 or older, according to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) (Brody amp; Chang, 2008). OfficersRead MoreI Chose History As A Good Student Of History846 Words   |  4 PagesI was a naughty kid 15 years ago: almost every night, my grandmother tried her best to tuck me into bed, and still I refused to sleep. The only way she could make me obedient was to read books to me. At first, she read fairytales like Snow White; those did not really interest me much. She then started to read Chinese traditional historical tales to me. It was then that I became fascinated by Chinese culture and knew I would like to know more about China’s history. In line with this fascination,Read MoreThe Finnish Schooling System1325 Words   |  6 Pagesof us consider â€Å"traditional† school system. I will also talk about some cultural differences, which can be considered a lurking variable, that may contribute to the different set ups of educational hierarchy. Finally I will show numerical data to support the premise that the finish system is not only more effective but also more efficient in appropriating its resources and funds. Although effectiveness and the other claims above are normally be measured in hard statistics which I will provide, itRead MoreA Brief Note On Forensic Psychology And The Criminal Justice System1270 Words   |  6 PagesNewton’s Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. For every crime, there is an equal punishment. The criminal justice system can be broken down into various different parts, all of which composed of people doing different jobs. While man y people only know of common roles, there are many smaller jobs that are no less important. One critical job linked to the criminal justice system is that of a forensic psychologist. Forensic psychology requires a backgroundRead MoreWelfare Reform For Drug Test Recipients Essay1719 Words   |  7 Pageswelfare or not in hopes of catching any current or future applicants of welfare. In 2003 TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families) passed a law that all Michigan applicants were required to take drug test prior to acceptation.(States 5) Along with Florida that tried the same thing. Missouri implemented a process that would only drug test those with reasonable suspicion based on background checks. Finally Oklahoma required their applicants to fill out questionnaires, and would drug test those biasedRead MoreThe Importance Of Becoming A Forensic Psychologist1218 Words   |  5 Pagesall these choices, Stanford University in California ranked number one in the nation by U.S. News in 2013 (â€Å"Best Graduate Schools: Psychology†). As a very selective school, Harvard accepted 5% of their applicants for the fall semester in 2015 (â€Å"Our Selection Process†). Rated closely behind were the University of California-Berkeley and Harvard University (â€Å"Best Graduate Schools: Psychology†). This is not the end of a forensic psychologist’s education; in fact, one should also attain a master’s degreeRead MoreThe Hr Director Of Citigroup2273 Words   |  10 PagesI am the HR Director of Citigroup. As the HR Director I will use different employment law requirements to create methods and policies that support the promotion of a diverse workforce. I will select one job opportunity that I have held or with which I am familiar within the same organization for this scenario. During this process I will develop three recruitment methods for the job opportunity in question, suggest two ways that each method helps one to avoid discrimin atory practices. Then an

Love In Todays Society Essay - 1360 Words

Love In Todays Society A key to understanding Sociology and the Social Sciences in general is to evaluate subjects through time and compare and contrast characteristics that have changed and those that have remained the same. For this assignment I have elected to access three sources dealing with love; in three distinct time periods in the modern era. First we will survey one of the first popular mediums for the expression of love; that of poetry. I have chosen a poem by W.H. Auden to represent the early portion of this century- specifically the 1930s and 1940s. I knew I had to include a song from my idol Jim Morrison. Not only is he the perfect voice of the volatile sex revolution of the 1960s and 1970s; his work captures†¦show more content†¦Love was quite important to Morrison- provided that he had it often and with different partners. One woman could never contain his sexual urges. In this reality many sociological concepts are found. Morrison cohabited with numerous women, mainly his life-long steady girlfriend Pamela. Morrisons male domineering attitude is evident in his line quot;Wanna be her daddy.quot; While women were beginning to experience more equality during this period, males were still seen as dominant. He does show signs of compassion with his line: â€Å"Dont ya love her as shes walking out the door. Like she did one thousand times before.† This shows that he was not as worried about â€Å" being a man† as some may have thought. He lost his love once again and he is not afraid to admit it. Even so, Morrisons primary style of love was definitely â€Å"ludus.† He had no reservations about playing the field. Pre- marital sex was easily brushed aside by Morrison in this era when society was more accepting of â€Å"free love.† Our Mens Health article is best understood by using the two genders sexual scripts- or blueprints of our sexuality, to sort out societys expected roles. â€Å"50 Ways To Peeve Your Lover† does a decent job of informing men of the mistakes that women recognize in their sexual demeanor. Due to sexual scripts themselves, there are manyShow MoreRelatedThe Impervious Perception of William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night1631 Words   |  7 Pagesa successful comedy when compared to the standards of today’s society. The play incorporates some of the very same devices that are used in modern comedies today, such as topsy-turvy romance, foolery, and mistaken identities. Twelfth Night also involves many cultural aspects that would be tough for an audience today to relate with. Some of these ideas are social class, dialect, and lack of modern technology that affect our lives today. Shakespeare appeared ahead of his time since this comic playRead MoreThe Effect Of Myth Of Socie ty859 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Myth of Society Without myths, society would be full of heathens and miscreants with no manners or virtues. Throughout history, myths have given people guidelines to live their lives by. If one considers the bible a myth, then you can clearly see how myth has given man the humane characteristics the human races possesses today. Another way that myths have guided man into what he is today is that before history was recorded, myths were used to recount tales of old. George SantayanaRead MoreWhy Is Shakespeares Othello Still Relevant in Todays Audiences?940 Words   |  4 Pagessignificant addition presented in the play, and unfortunately still pervades contemporary society. Madness and jealousy drive the action as it thrives in the play; these destructive emotions are still alive in humanity today. The play portrays the typical scenes of love which always seem to draw in a timeless audience. The entire plot of Othello is very much like the attitudes and methods of the modern society . The plot tells of what happens when characters embark on a trail of jealousy andRead MoreAnalysis of The Transformation of Intimacy by Anthony Giddens807 Words   |  4 Pagestransformation of intimacy, in which women have played the major part, holds out the possibility of a society that is very traditional. This book will appeal to a large general audience as well as being essential reading for those students in sociology and theory.(Manis 1) Giddens feels that the changes that have taken place in the matter of intimacy, definitely have a chance in our society, but much of it is yet to be realized. Giddens argues that Foucault, by limiting his discussion ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1209 Words   |  5 PagesGood Morning/Afternoon Miss Rigby, Romeo and Juliet displays the the nature of love and the reason for its destruction. It is the most common story to associate with love, it has been adapted to film multiple times, even within a modern setting. Within the play lies many different themes, two of which I will analyse today which are love and hate. The deepest principles in human nature are hate and love, these two contrasting emotions are key in understanding Romeo and Juliet. It s a play which datesRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald880 Words   |  4 PagesGatsby Importance The Great Gatsby is an old novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925. I believe this story is relevant today and should be taught in high schools and college students because this story show events and actions that are still common now in days. We see materialism, violence, drama, smuggling, murders, suicides, adultery, etc. This are problems that still exist in modern times and students can identify with the novel because we are used to see all those things in the everyday lifeRead MoreEssay about Brave New World: The Destruction of Family1492 Words   |  6 PagesIs the push for a perfect utopia enough to siphon motherhood, family, and love? As in Brave New World, Aldous Huxley illustrates the destruction of the idea of family in this ’perfect world‘. People in the world today have the ability to express love and obtain a family. Huxley explores the futuristic outlook on a world (in many ways similar to ours) that would not allow such humanistic traits. Science is so called the ’father of progress’ and yet the development of Fordism and the evolution of artificialRead MoreThe Theme Of Love In A Midsummer Nights Dream755 Words   |  4 Pagesone of the main characters, states, â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth,† (I.i.134). Female characters of the play, Hermia, Helena, Hippolyta, and Titania, have a significant role in the delivery of the theme of love’s difficulties. Hermia, the â€Å"disobedient† daughter of Egeus, has much in common with today’s females. She let love and the potential of happiness take control of her decisions when she planned to run away with her love, Lysander, instead of marrying the man her father appointedRead MoreMeasures of Love in Society - Psychology1020 Words   |  5 PagesMeasures of Love in Society Love is an unbreakable bond that keeps a drive of compassion in all of our hearts. Love is a necessity, and while it may also be considered a luxury, sometimes it is overlooked, or written off as impracticable. Everyone seeks the feeling and situation to love and be loved in return. This is a topic of controversy all over the world and throughout every relationship. The topic lends itself to many social psychological phenomena. The argument of what love might be isRead MoreDoes Religion Cause War?1463 Words   |  6 PagesDoes religion cause war? Every culture and society in the world has some form of religion. The most popular religions in the world today are Christianity, Buddhism, and the Muslim religions. Other religious sects exist amongst distinct groups. Every religion has some form of philosophy or ideology followed by members. One common thing about the existing religions is the presence of a supreme being. The Supreme Being exists in many names with different abilities depending on every religion. The

Media Literacy Foundations of Research Inquiry in Health

Question: Discuss about foundations of research inquiry in health? Answer: Introduction Media literacy prospectively changes outcomes in a number of disciplines that include public health, communication, and education. Nevertheless, a vital challenge in this area of study lies in the ability to measure media literacy to advance research in this line of study. However, Arke and Primack (2009) explain the progressive advancement in the testing of media literacy through a pilot appraisal. The work of the two authors stems from the ever present need to authenticate, improve, and carefully develop purpose measures for media literacy. The authors give the purpose of their study as the ability to initiate the process of media literacy measure through a pilot program in which the authors assess psychometric properties of media literacy. The two authors initiate the study process by quantifying the research goal on the basis of a conventional theoretical model available in the research area. Discussion Media literacy is literary speaking the individual skill that empowers an individual to create, evaluate, analyze, and understand media communication in its various forms. Silverblatt (2001) argues that critical thinking is a crucial tool in the validation of media literacy since it allows the participants to expand how one judges a media content be it from a print media, television, or radio. Educationalists in the United States, however, are far behind their counterparts in the developed economies such as Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada in the media literacy curriculum. The Arke and Primack (2009) study resolutely assessed the internal uniformity of the three major media forms of print media, television, and radio on the overall scale as the main aim of study. In this aim, the duo hypothesized that the measure of media literacy in each case would obey the Cronbach's alpha values. The second aim was to evaluate the validity of each of the media content through the comparison of the principal factor of the measurement figures with the theoretical model. Here, the hypothesis of the duo was that the principal factor would exact the theoretical source of the measurement. Lastly, the aim of the authors was to appraise the validity of the measurement through a comparison of media literacy ideals with the measurement of critical thinking. As cited by Meltzoff, J. (1998), the hypothesis of authors here is that the combined media literacy achievement would considerably correlate with the compound critical thinking achievement measured through the use of a credible thinking proficiency test. However, the duo generalized reliability. The duo argues that the outcome of a participatory media literacy curriculum is not expressly definable or measurable, as there is a general belief of what these outcomes represent (Arke and Primack, 2009). According to Cozby and Bates (2012), construct validity is the degree to which the operations of a variable truly mirrors the factual theoretical meaning of that variable. This is irrespective of whether the variable under consideration truly measures the theoretical variable it meant to measure. Therefore, the authors measures are reliable. Arke and Primack (2009) argue that the 6 indicators that define construct validity are purpose, inference, evaluation, technique, sender, and missing. To assess construct validity, the researchers formed the 6 indicator items on the basis of a compound theoretical model before they administered these on 34 college communications students. The researchers concluded that every one of three media literacy sub-measurements revealed that internal consistency reliability was good as the readings were: 1reading came to 0.74; 2was 0.79, while 3reading was 0.75. The primary mechanisms in the analysis exposed five factors which correspond directly with the fundamental theoretical model. As such, the media literacy level extensively interrelated well to the compound critical thinking scale as rreading was 0.32, while P reading was .03. Conclusion The quantifying media literacy measure proves to be an important scale for quantifying the outcomes in this arena of study, and the evaluation of media literacy interference. This is on the basis of the analysis of the 6 construct validity indicators discussed. References Arke, E. T., Primack, B. A. (2009). Quantifying media literacy: Development, reliability, and validity of a new measure. Educational Media International, 46(1), 53-65. Cozby, P. C., Bates, S. C. (2012).Methods in behavioral research. New York: McGraw-Hill. Meltzoff, J. (1998). Critical thinking about research: Psychology and related fields. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Silverblatt A.(2001).Media literacy: Keys to interpreting media messages.2nd ed. Praeger Publishers; Westport, CT: 2001.

essays and a\s Essays - Treasure Island, English-language Films

Jim Hawkins? development in Treasure Island Treasure Island by Robert Stevenson is an adventure story about a young man, Jim Hawkins, and his journey as he searches for treasure with pirates. Although only a child, Jim Hawkins matures and shows many signs of independency due to his experiences with pirates at sea throughout the novel. The first half of the novel demonstrates Jim?s reliance on the people around him, and what provokes him into maturing; the second half of the novel begins to show his transition to becoming a smart, mature man. The following essay will focus on the transformation Jim Hawkins under goes from being a child, to becoming a young man. In the first half of the novel, it is clear that Jim is terrified by the events that occur and shows signs of weakness. One clear example of this is the moment the book begins, and Stevenson introduces Billy Bones. Jim?s frightened childlike character is evident in this passage: ?How the personage haunted my dreams, I need to scarcely tell you. One stormy nights, when the wind shook the four corners of the house, and the surf roared along the cove and up the cliffs, I would see him in a thousand forms, and with a thousand diabolical expressions.? (6). This passage shows the nightmares Jim had of Billy Bones. Jim demonstrates himself as being a very disturbed cowardly character. Stevenson demonstrates the maturity beginning in Jim?s character when both his father and Billy Bones death. At this point in the novel, Jim experiences a traumatizing experience, especially for a young boy at Jim?s age. His feelings are seen here: ?It was the second death I had known, and the sorrow of the f irst was still fresh in my heart? (29). When Jim states ?the sorrow of the first? he of course means his fathers sudden death. This sparks a sense of

Enterprise Architecture and Its Implementation in Federal Domain

Enterprise Architecture and Its Implementation in Federal Domain Definition of Enterprise Architecture (EA) and Federal Enterprise Architecture According Michael Platt, â€Å"enterprise architecture (EA) is a conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and operation of an organization† (Platt 5). This definition takes into account how â€Å"an organization can effectively use EA to achieve both its current and future aims† (Platt 5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Enterprise Architecture and Its Implementation in Federal Domain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that an organization must define its business vision and strategies in terms of enterprise aspiration by determining, improving, and communicating main needs, rules and models which demonstrate the organizational future aspiration and create chances for its development. The EA scope must include people, information and technology, stages, existing relationships, and contacts with the external fa ctors. EA provides whole-system solutions that cater for business opportunities and challenges of the organization and offer solutions needed for the implementation of the EA system. EA offers advantages in terms of enhancing decision-making, adjusting according to the needs of the market, avoidance of redundancy and inefficiency, making maximum use of organizational resources, and reduce staff turnover. The Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) is an initiative by the Federal government to combine its agencies and their related functions under one and available-everywhere enterprise architecture. FEA initiative is still under development, and its main applications are not yet available. However, the program started long ago, and there has been failures, and improvement in its development. Studies view FEA has a system with only five performance models. These include service, data, business, technical and data models. However, under these models, FEA offers much more than what we ca n see. The five models entail ideas on how we should view EA under the segment models. There are also collections of reference models to demonstrate various aspects of the EA under the five models, and also stages of developing an EA platform. This model provides opportunities for movement from a pre-EA to post-EA model. EA also has a cataloging taxonomy for resources that are within its scope. In addition, it also has a measuring system that determines its success in enhancing business values. This analysis shows that EA has many components that the models highlight. It offers the necessary materials needed to create an EA for the most complex and elaborate organizations like the US government.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The FEA-Program Management Office (FEAPMO) puts it in totality that FEA offers a common language and framework to describe and analyze IT in vestments, enhance collaboration and ultimately transform the Federal government into a citizen-centered, results-oriented, and market-based organization as set forth in the Presidents Management Agenda (The Chief Information Officers Council 25). Fig 1: Segment map of the federal government Enterprise Architecture Framework and Federal Agencies and their mission alignment The FEA offers a general approach for acquiring information technology (IT), using and discarding within the Federal government domain. In this respect, EA helps the Federal government aligns its resources so as to enhance business values and assist government agencies to perform their main missions. In addition, it offers a plan for transformation from the existing state to the preferred future state. Thus, FEA is an EA that will help the Federal government achieve its desired objectives. The US government based this platform on Clinger-Cohen Act and attempts to align it with the budget. The main aim of the FEA is to facilitate â€Å"sharing of information, enhance service provision for citizens, and reduce costs† (CIO Council 24). The FEA works on a common platform that allows for IT acquisition within the Federal government (CIO Council 24). FEA has offered E-governance, change management, program management and deployment system in the Federal government missions. It is the responsibility of the agency to control and manage the processes and applications of the EA in service provisions and policies implementation. Every agency is also responsible for sponsoring their EA at the executive level, allocation of resources, and appointing its Chief Architect. The agencys office carries out the maintenance, development and implementation of the EA. This implies that all agencies must have the capacity to manage any change in the system, artifacts, and EA documents. At the same time, every agency must be in a position of facilitating the deployment and accessibility of EA content to the ir intended recipients and user community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Enterprise Architecture and Its Implementation in Federal Domain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This should also include training, communication and repository deployment. Further, for accountability, every agency must be able to avail the artifact in every level of EA and offer justification in case of failure to provide artifacts. The rationale for using this approach is to ensure effective governance and management of policies according to the compliance and alignment with the EA procedures, and stages in order to offer the executive the needed support. Change and system setups are essential parts of managing the EA system. This is necessary so as to keep EA processes and outcomes current for factual information due to its role in IT investing and agencies strategic planning. All the stakeholders of the EA must be able to understand its processes and outcomes. Overview of the Federal Enterprise Architecture The FEA functions as a business-based framework for the Federal government and its agencies. It helps in developing IT investment portfolios according to different Federal agencies processes and functions, in addition to providing cross-agency requirements. The FEA has many artifacts under its various models to support the agencies functions and processes. The FEA framework works under five models in order to provide benchmark terms and scopes of EA; thus, it facilitates â€Å"collaboration and sharing of information among the federal government agencies† (Bernus and Nemes 179). Business Reference Model The Business Reference Model (BRM) provides the business side of the different roles of the Federal government. For instance, under natural resources, BRM may provide a benchmark business function as water resource management. We may take this as a line of business function for citizens’ business ar ea. The BRM is mainly framework that relies on function capabilities so as to describe functions of the business Federal government, irrespective of the Federal agencies that carry out such duties. The BRM gives step-by-step and organized patterns for describing the daily business activities of the Federal government through a performance-based approach. The BRM is the top layer of FEA, and it serves the main purpose in â€Å"data analysis, technology, and service components viewpoint† (CIO Council 24). It has four domains. Services For Citizens Mode of Delivery Support Delivery of Services Management of Government Resources The BRM framework is rather functional than organizational in relations to the Federal government. The BRM overrides the functions of agencies in describing duties such as internal operations and services accorded to the citizens independent of the performing office, bureaus, or agency.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It describes the Federal government based on general business areas instead of each agency. This approach enhances collaboration among various agencies and makes the BRM serves the main purpose of the E-government strategy and the foundation of FEA. The BRM offers an improved approach to the Federal government operations. However, we must note that it is only a model which we can only realize its effectiveness when used well. It core approach can facilitate low collaboration and description in Federal government. In addition, it can achieve little in accomplishing the aim of â€Å"the E-government if policymakers do not incorporate it into EA and as part of management platform of all Federal branches† (CIO Council 24). Components Reference Model (CRM) The Component Reference Model provides a performance-driven and business view of the platforms, which can offer support to the business functions of the agencies. It may also classify service components along the line of the sup port they provide or performance objective they fulfill. The main purpose of the CRM is to support the discovery of the Federal government business and use of service components in the investments of IT and resources. The CRM relies on both vertical and horizontal scopes, which are independent of the function of the business. It can offer a leverage foundation that can â€Å"support parts, business services, application functionalities, and the reuse applications† (CIO Council 24). The CRM domain consists of the following components â€Å"Customer Services, Process Automation Services, Business Management Services, Digital Asset Services, Business Analytical Services, Back Office Services, and Support Services† (CIO Council 24). These domains have their Service Types. For instance, under Customer Service Domain, we may find â€Å"other three sub-domains, namely, Customer Relationship Management, Customer Initiated Assistance, and Customer Preferences† (CIO Counc il 24). Technical Reference Model (TRM) The TRM provides definitions of â€Å"benchmarks and different technologies that architects can use in creating IT platforms† (USA Government 1). For instance, TRM may create a â€Å"definition of HTTP under a subset of the transport system† (Bernus and Nemes 179). TRM has parts and technical framework that differentiate information technologies and service standards so as to allow delivery and access of Service Components and functionalities. TRM also functions as a unifying platform of E-government and existing agencies by offering a basis that enhances the reuse and adaptability of Service Components, and IT from a wide view of Federal government. The basic parts of TRM are mainly the following. TRM has Service Areas. These mainly represent complex layers that support a secure creation, swap, access and delivery of Service Components. Every Service Area sums up technologies and standard into functional areas of low-level tiers . This place also has several categories and standards of Service Components. This step-by-step arrangement of layers offers the framework to technologies that ultimately provide support for the Service Areas. TRM also has Service Categories. These sections group the low-level technologies according to their functions and business utilities they fulfill. As a result, a Service Category will also contain its components of Service Standards. There are also Service Standards in TRM. Service Standards mainly depict the technologies and standards that provide support for a Service Category. Most Service Standards use â€Å"illustrations and specifications of plain text as indicators so as to support mapping of the agency into TRM† (Bernus and Nemes 179). TRM uses a general, â€Å"collaboration, standard vocabulary, interagency discovery, and interoperability to align Federal capital investments† (Bernus and Nemes 179). This approach offers the Federal government and its age ncies opportunities for taking advantage of economies of scale through â€Å"identifying and reusing the best technological solutions for enhancing missions, and business applications in the model architecture† (Bernus and Nemes 179). The hierarchy of TRM defines the technologies and standards that function in support of the FEA and create secure channels of delivery, swap, and building of business and functional Service Components. These applications work in a service-oriented or component-based architecture. Data Reference Model (DRM) The DRM defines the â€Å"total level, information, and data that offer solutions to government program and operations lines of business† (Bernus and Nemes 179). DRM provides opportunities for different agencies to define the â€Å"types of involvements and interactions that happen between the citizens and Federal government† (Bernus and Nemes 179). DRM offers a thorough creation of the government information into a high degree o f details. DRM also provides a chance for grouping Federal data and notice any duplicates regarding data constructs. Performance Reference Model (PRM) The PRM focuses on providing standard methods of stating the value that the EA delivers. According to PRM, quality may be a technological gauge area that defines how technology can fulfill functionality and requirements in its role. Thus, PRM assists in generating improved information content for enhancing day-to-day decision-making and strategic options. PRM also enhances alignment of inputs and outputs in order to distinguish the outcomes of the desired results. In addition, it also enables policymakers identify areas of improvement across the organization. The PRM relies on many ways of carrying out functional measurement. These methods include the Balance Scorecard, the Theory of Constraints, Methodology for value measuring, Baldrige Criteria, Value chain, and Program logic. Further, the PRM uses methods within the agencies for me asuring, such as â€Å"GPRA, EA, PART assessments, Investment Control and Capital planning† (CIO Council 24). The PRM has four areas of measuring functionalities in the EA. Mission and Business Results Customer Results Processes and Activities Technology FEA and Managerial Flexibility The FEA initiative provides strategic options that may allow the system to change scale, defer, explore, grow or combine sequential together. These adaptabilities allow the FEA to use the options for analysis of further details through breaking down and relating each area in building decision trees for benefits of making optimal decisions. Thus, managerial flexibility in the system provides opportunities for the investment to conduct any analysis in case of availability of new information. However, the presence of flexibility in the system changes characteristics of the FEA risk initiative. Consequently, this changes the cost of capital (Brach 370). In this context, risk management forms the b asis of incorporating flexibility in the system. Analysis of Real Options The second to last step under-investment plan relies on analyzing the benefits in the decision tree by applying risk-neutral or repeating portfolio methods. The calculation takes into account many investment portfolios depending on various perceptions of risks and related trade exchanges. According to Benaroch, there are several configurations that we cannot exhaust; thus, he suggests â€Å"three rules of excluding implausible configurations† (Benaroch 45). First, â€Å"consistency between sequences of options in an investment configuration with the sequence in which options materialize in the investment lifecycle, second, ability of options to coexist in an investment configuration, and finally, consideration for configurations involving maximal subsets of viable options† (Benaroch 45). The concept of Reuse and Cost Saving in Enterprise Architecture best practices Reuse shows agency achievement in moving towards their target functionality and sharing of services content, and building an environment of service within the agency. Gauging the agency achievements in terms of sharing information usually focuses on reuse. The system uses varieties of arrangements and other similar patterns to measure agency results and combine all requirements in the process of procurement. It can also measure the agency achievements in terms of building a positive service environment so as to enable both the consumption and production of general data, services and component services. At the same time, it will also measure investment accuracy and its mapping categories together with consistency of the Service Reference Model service parts, and TRM service mappings (Groth 51). For an EA to be effective, it must identify chances of consolidating, reuse, sharing, and standardizing. This enhances effectiveness in mission and financial performance among the agencies. This is the only way an agency ca n justify its massive spending in advanced IT systems i.e. by achieving superior outcomes of mission performance (The Chief Information Officers Council 2). Likewise, every agency must demonstrate its reuse of Service Reference Model components, information, infrastructure, and other services and increased levels of services sharing among agencies. Further, agencies must demonstrate an application of a combined purchasing power by reuse of contract and procurement methods for getting needed services. The definitions of segments in a global context enable their reuse across several agencies. For instance, we can map out an application of a given segment, and then apply the same map in other areas of the aim of EA reuse. This indicates that all segments, whether vertical or horizontal, are suitable for facilitating the concept of sharing among the agencies (Sauer and Willcocks 497). Therefore, the initiative of FEA will ensure that the Federal government rectifies the existing lack of integration, immediate response to changes, and alignment. If the agencies can restore the anomalies, then services provisions to the public will be efficient and at low cost through enhanced government processes of services delivery. FEA has enormous potential for cost reduction and cost avoidance. FEA can make the Federal government realize costs reductions and avoidance through helping Federal agencies depend on a single EA platform, instead of developing and redeveloping several business support systems (Mun 46). Therefore, we can look at costs reduction in terms of economies of scale. This is whereby the FEA locates a common function among the agencies and then shows possible areas of cost-cutting through reuse of systems, models, and the entire processes by collaboration. Cost-saving can also occur through sharing of resources. The FEA identifies possible opportunities of sharing resources, such as support services, IT application and other solutions. Finally, the Federal gov ernment may realize cost saving in terms of conducting market research. The FEA depends on constant study of emerging technologies and their applications across the entire organization. The Federal government can share the research results across its multiple agencies, depending on their shared business functions. This will reduce extra costs and time used in conducting single studies (USA Government 1). There are indicators to show how agencies are using FEA and other IT platforms to control their costs. Cost savings and cost avoidance are long-term initiatives of the Federal government, which improve as the system becomes familiar with users. We can locate indicators of cost avoidance and cost savings from the analyses of financial records of the agencies. Every agency must produce its reports on cost savings and avoidance (Perks and Tony 13). Agencies must demonstrate their declining costs in given percentages over the years in IT spending. This may be in relations to the Federal government budget or other agencies. However, the system also allows for readjustment due to factors of inflation or changes in new IT applications at their initial stages. The agencies can decide to redeploy their savings according to their budgets and processes of executions. We can also estimate costs and perform a valuation of benefits. This stage in the process of investment and subsequent control entails establishing the increase in cash flows due to achievement of the desired EA capabilities. The system uses a basis of discounted cash flow (DCF) in its analysis (Benaroch 43). This base acts as the standard for analyses of the project cost savings and cash flows. The system uses the old methods based on forecasting of revenues and costs so as to determine the net present value (NVP). It also takes into account discounts associated with the costs and revenues and their risks at a given rate. Historical data enables the system to perform an analysis based on time-series forecas ting. In case the data is not available, then â€Å"analysts have to rely on assumptions of the management† (Taudes 165). We must also note that most analyses assume no flexibility in pricing (Taudes 165). Benaroch, Michel. Managing Information Technology Investment Risk: A Real Options Perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems 19.2 (2000): 43–84. Print. Bernus, Peter and Laszlo Nemes. A Framework to Define a Generic Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems 9.3 (1996): 179–191. Print. Brach, Marion. Real Options in Practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2003.Print. CIO Council. A Practical Guide to Federal Enterprise Architecture. Washington, DC: CIO Council, 2001. Print. Groth, Lars. Future Organizational Design: The Scope of the IT Based Enterprise. Chicester: Wiley, 1999. Print. Mun, Johnathan. Real Options Analysis: Tools and Techniques for Valuing Strategic Investments and Decisions. Hoboke n, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2002. Print. Perks, Col and Tony Beveridge. Guide to Enterprise IT Architecture. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 2003. Print. Platt, Michael. Architect, Developer and Platform Evangelism Group. Microsoft Journal 4 (2005): 1-5. Print. Sauer, Chris and Leslie Willcocks. Establishing the Business of the Future: The Role of Organizational Architecture and Information Technologies. European Management Journal 21.4 (2003): 497–508. Print. Taudes, Alfred. Software growth options. Journal of Management Information Systems 15.1 (1998): 165–185. Print. The Chief Information Officers Council. Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework, v 1.1. Washington, DC: CIO Council, 1999. Print. USA Government. Improving Agency Performance Using Information and Information Technology: (Enterprise Architecture Assessment Framework v3.1). Washington, DC: The US Government, 2009. Print.

Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Essay Example

Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Essay Example Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Essay Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Essay Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising BY Jaymes2510 James Essex Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Word Count: 1133 Words Born in 1965 in a small town called Usk, Monmouthshire, Rory Sutherland has rose through the ranks in the advertising industry to become one of the most influential fgures in advertising (The Marketing Society, 2013). Rory began his studies at his local school Haberdashers, and then on to further his studies at Christs College, Cambridge. During school, Rory was a mischievous child. His brother recalling a ituation in which, in Rorys Latin class the teacher wondered whether he had time for a new exercise. *dow much time have I got? the master muttered to himself as he looked at his watch. Not long unless you give up smoking, Sir, was Rorys response. (The Wiki Man, 2011) This sense of foolishness and carefree attitude seems to have followed Rory into his later life, work and has possibly made him the influential fgure he is today. Rory seemed to be following in the footsteps of Sir Martin Sorrell from an early age, however it seems that the rebellious attitude seemed to diminish the similarities egan teaching at a grammar school in Aylesbury. This would not last long however. The contents of the staff room proved too depressing to bear (Ogilvy, 2013). After applying to numerous advertising and marketing Jobs, Rory finally landed a position at Ogilvy Mather Direct where things did not improve, Paul ODonnell, chairman of Ogilvy Mather saying he was without a doubt the worst graduate trainee we ever hired (The Wiki Man, 2011). Rory had many Jobs at Ogilvy and it seemed like he was terrible at all of them. Rory always had a keen eye for seeking out new developments in technology and making se of them. Rory Joined the agency at the brink of a technological boom, when computers and the Internet were starting to advance rapidly. When Ogilvy got a new information machine called MAID, (a piece of equipment that would give answers to questions being typed into it), they had no choice but to let Rory use it, as he was the only one that knew how. Paul ODonnell (2011) stated that this was the worst thing they could have let Rory do. Instead of actually planning, he would sit in front of the machine typing in question after question, looking at the answers and saying fascinating, fascinating. After being moved from account management to planning, and then being fired from that, it seemed like there was no hope for Rory. That was until an outcry across the office forced them to give Rory one more chance. He was moved to the creative department and flourished. Within five years Rory was made Executive Creative Director. Rory has become an expert on behavioural economics and believes advertising and marketing must be seen as a science. In a TED Talk filmed in Athens, Rory talks about how Perspective is everything and how much too time is spent looking for technical engineering solutions and not enough time ooking for psychological solutions. Using the following example where he talks about the Eurostar Journey times, he sums his statement up perfectly: Six million pounds spent to reduce the Journey time between Paris and London by about forty minutes. For maybe ten percent of the money you could have paid all of the worlds top male and female supermodels to walk up and down the train, handing out free Chateau Petrus to all passengers. Youd still have five [million] pounds in change and people would ask for the trains to be slowed down. (TED Talks, 2012) This is a brilliant example of the creative and knowledgeable way Rory looks at the dvertising industry and using this insight, he has launched a new initiative called #ogilvychange. Founded by Rory himself and Director of Strategy Integration Jez Groom, #ogilvychange uses leading research in cognitive psychology and the communication expertise of Ogilvy to create a new way of advertising, to change the minds and behavior of the consumers in a way that makes advertising much more effective. Rorys view of looking at advertising and marketing as purely a science rather than an art form is not brand new however. In 1923, Claude C. Hopkins published his book advertising and the need to target the man rather than the masses. In other words, advertising that targets a large quantity of people is going to be less effective than advertising that focuses on targeting an individual, finding out the way they think and targeting a more psychological advertising campaign towards them using a scientific approach. In his book, Claude Hopkins says: Dont think of people in the mass. That gives you a blurred view. Think ofa typical individual, man or woman, who is likely to want what you sell. Dont try to be amusing. Money spending is a serious matter (Scientific Advertising, 1923) Rory seems to be carrying on this scientific approach to advertising, working with big lients such as British Airways, British Gas, IBM and many more to change the way people think and behave. Rory has championed the behavioural economics agenda at Ogilvy Mather and working with a team of experts, he will oversee the future of Looking at Rory Sutherland, as a hero of advertising at the present moment may be slightly difficult to comprehend, after all, Claude Hopkins pioneered the idea of scientific advertising and as such, shaped the way advertisers target their consumers. As a personal opinion, I would argue that Claude Hopkins has made much more of a contribution to advertising in the behavioural economics and sychological advertising segment and is therefore more worthy of the title Hero of Advertising. However if we look at the work Rory Sutherland is currently undertaking at Ogilvy Mather, the use of his understanding of behavioural economics and psychological advertising to create a whole new agenda for the company, #ogilvychange, I can not say that he has had no contribution to the advertising industry. His skills speak for himself; his bubbly and rebellious attitude from a young age has made him a charismatic person and as such, he has managed to rise through the ranks at Ogilvy Mather at a substantial rate. Perhaps this is why he has such an understanding of behavioural economics and consumer psychology, because he can relate to the consumer on a human level. As such, although Rory Sutherland may not be worthy of the title Hero of Advertising at the present moment in comparison to such pioneers as Claude Hopkins, I can see the use of his understanding of consumer psychology and his founding and running of #ogilvychange putting him in a prime place to soon become a Hero of Advertising. Hopkins, C. , 1923. Scientific Advertising [online] Available from: http:// www. scientificadvertising. com/ScientificAdvertising. f [Accessed October 2013] The Marketing Society, 2013. Ogilvy and Pimp My Cause partnership [online] The Library. Available from: https://www. marketingsociety. co. uk/the-library/ogilvy-and- pimp-my-cause-partnership [Accessed October 2013] #ogilvychange, 2013. Little Ideas From Big Thinkers [online] #ogilvychange. Available from: ogilvychange. com/ [Accessed October 2013] Og ilvy Mather. 2013. Rory Sutherland. [online] Available from: http:// www. ogilvy. co. uk/our-people/rory-sutherland/. [Accessed October 2013] Ogilvy Mather. 2012. Ogilvy Mather UK Launches new Behavioural Sciences Practice [online] Available from: ogilvy. co. uk/blog/ogilvy-mather-uk- launches-new-behavioural-sciences-practice/ [Accessed October 2013] Ogilvy Change, 2013. An Introduction to #ogilvychange [video, online] Available from: youtube. com/watch? v=PYoD1 IWEYpg [Accessed October 2013] Sutherland, R. , 2011. The Wiki Man [online] London: Its Nice That and Ogilvy Group Ted Talks, 2012. Rory Sutherland: Perspective is Everything [video, online] Available from: ted. com/talks/rory_sutherland_perspective_is_everything. html [Accessed October 2013]

What determines the research and development costs for innovative new PowerPoint Presentation

What determines the research and development costs for innovative new prescription drugs, how might legal and ethical considerations affect the cost of developing a new prescription drug - PowerPoint Presentation Example As a function of describing and critiquing each of these constraints, this author will analyze each of these factors and attempt to draw a clear level of discussion as a means of identifying the core components and key considerations that must be engaged with as a function of the developmental cycle for new/prospective pharmaceuticals. As a guiding entity of the process, the legal departments of the requisite entities must be continually engaged and aware of the process. This represents an added cost and necessity that each and every pharmaceutical firm engaged in research and development must necessarily incorporate a team of legal experts and lawyers to guide them through each and every process of clinical trials, reporting requirements, paperwork, and associated compliance issues. Ultimately, economic theory dictates that that price discrimination corresponds to the following three market conditions: the power of market sellers, the segmentation and overall price responsiveness of the market, and the direct and indirect potential that exists for arbitrage. With respect to market power, this is a concept which can simply be understood as a function of the ability of the seller to raise its prices as compared to the other sellers that exist within the market. Obviously, in the case of a brand name drug that has r ecently been cleared by clinical trials and is available to the marketplace, the ability of the seller to raise his/her prices above that of the competition is very high due to the fact that no perfect substitute exists and there is a near perfect monopoly engaged by the given pharmaceutical manufacturer; albeit for a limited amount of time (Gupta et al 2011, p. 15). As a way of understanding such a construct to a more full and complete level, the researcher and/or reader must consider the total cost that is necessitated in bringing a drug to market in the first